Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer
نویسنده
چکیده
Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer in the urinary tract and the most frequent histological type is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Approximately 70% of these cancers are superficial (no evidence of muscle invasion) in situ (Tis), Ta and T1 carcinomas. The biological behavior of these tumors varies from slight recurrence tendency to a high degree of recurrence and progression. Although transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is the standard treatment, a large number of complementary treatments based on the administration of different intravesical chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents, including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have been established. The most appropriate management consensus has yet to be determined. The present article reviews the use of BCG in superficial bladder cancer in relation to its indications, contraindications, action mechanism and different results in distinct stages of the disease.
منابع مشابه
IFN-a 2B Enhances Th1 Cytokine Responses in Bladder Cancer Patients Receiving Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy
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